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--------- Support SciShow by becoming a patron on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/scishow ---------- Dooblydoo thanks go to the following Patreon supporters: Lazarus G, Sam Lutfi, Nicholas Smith, D.A. Noe, alexander wadsworth, سلطان الخليفي, Piya Shedden, KatieMarie Magnone, Scott Satovsky Jr, Charles Southerland, Bader AlGhamdi, James Harshaw, Patrick D. Ashmore, Candy, Tim Curwick, charles george, Saul, Mark Terrio-Cameron, Viraansh Bhanushali, Kevin Bealer, Philippe von Bergen, Chris Peters, Justin Lentz ---------- Looking for SciShow elsewhere on the internet? Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/scishow Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/scishow Tumblr: http://scishow.tumblr.com Instagram: http://instagram.com/thescishow ---------- Sources: http://science.sciencemag.org/content/358/6365/951.full https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/11/16/564597936/why-did-the-passenger-pigeon-go-extinct-the-answer-might-lie-in-their-toes http://www.pnas.org/content/111/29/10636.full http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/nature/plant-vs-predator.html http://sciencenetlinks.com/esheets/periodical-cicada-survival/ https://www.history.com/news/the-revival-of-the-passenger-pigeon https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4757-9921-7_1 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0006320780900464 https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/3-billion-to-zero-what-happened-to-the-passenger-pigeon/ https://www.audubon.org/magazine/may-june-2014/why-passenger-pigeon-went-extinct https://www.si.edu/spotlight/passenger-pigeon https://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/neutral-theory-the-null-hypothesis-of-molecular-839 http://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article?id=10.1371/journal.pbio.1002113 Image Sources: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Annual_report_(1909)_(14590170377).jpg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flock_of_passenger_pigeons.jpg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Passenger_pigeon_aviary.jpg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Map-Ectopistes-migratorius.png https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ectopistes_migratorius_(illustrations)#/media/File:Die_Vogel_(1913)_(14749379594).jpg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:20120801Schwetzinger_Hardt11.jpg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cicada2007_mlf290.jpg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Becharof_Wilderness_Salmon.jpg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Caribou_Thelon_River_1978.jpg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Passenger_pigeon_shoot.jpg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bird_lore_(1913)_(14562557107).jpg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Martha_last_passenger_pigeon_1914.jpg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Meiosis_main_steps.svg